Reading disorder, or dyslexia, is one of the common conditions among children who suffer from difficulty learning to read and write, where the problem is not necessarily a lack of training or a low level of intelligence. Therefore, the child does not need to join classes for those with special needs or special schools for that purpose.
Attention began to be focused on reading difficulties as the human need to communicate through the written word developed. Various terms have been given to children who suffer from reading difficulty, which evolved with scientific and educational progress. The English physician Hinshelwood called it "congenital word blindness", and Orton called it "the twisted symbols term", but the common term is "dyslexia", and reading difficulty is found under other names as well.
The first type: The difficulty is represented by phonological defects, in which a primary defect appears in the integration between letter sounds, and these children suffer from difficulty in reading and spelling words.
The second type: This consists of children suffering from defects in the ability to perceive words as wholes, and these children suffer from difficulties in pronouncing both familiar and unfamiliar words.
The third type: This is a mixture of the two previous types, consisting of phonological difficulty (the first type) and difficulty in the whole-word perception of words (the second type), and these children find difficulty in reading.
Arabic language teachers, educational counsellors, and learning difficulties specialists.
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